|
@@ -1,240 +0,0 @@
|
|
|
-<!--#include file="header.html" -->
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-<h2>uClibc vs. glibc</h2>
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-<p>
|
|
|
- uClibc and Glibc are not the same -- there are a number of differences which
|
|
|
- may or may not cause you problems. This document attempts to list these
|
|
|
- differences and, when completed, will contain a full list of all relevant
|
|
|
- differences.
|
|
|
- <br><br></p>
|
|
|
- <ol>
|
|
|
- <li>uClibc is smaller than glibc. We attempt to maintain a glibc compatible
|
|
|
- interface, allowing applications that compile with glibc to easily compile with
|
|
|
- uClibc. However, we do not include _everything_ that glibc includes, and
|
|
|
- therefore some applications may not compile. If this happens to you, please
|
|
|
- report the failure to the uclibc mailing list, with detailed error messages.
|
|
|
- </li><br>
|
|
|
- <li>uClibc is much more configurable then glibc. This means that a developer
|
|
|
- may have compiled uClibc in such a way that significant amounts of
|
|
|
- functionality have been omitted.
|
|
|
- </li><br>
|
|
|
- <li>uClibc does not even attempt to ensure binary compatibility across releases.
|
|
|
- When a new version of uClibc is released, you may or may not need to recompile
|
|
|
- all your binaries.
|
|
|
- </li><br>
|
|
|
- <li><ul><li> malloc(0) in glibc returns a valid pointer to something(!?!?) while in
|
|
|
- uClibc calling malloc(0) returns a NULL. The behavior of malloc(0) is listed
|
|
|
- as implementation-defined by SuSv3, so both libraries are equally correct.
|
|
|
- This difference also applies to realloc(NULL, 0). I personally feel glibc's
|
|
|
- behavior is not particularly safe. To enable glibc behavior, one has to
|
|
|
- explicitly enable the MALLOC_GLIBC_COMPAT option.
|
|
|
- </li><br><li>
|
|
|
- glibc's malloc() implementation has behavior that is tunable via the
|
|
|
- MALLOC_CHECK_ environment variable. This is primarily used to provide extra
|
|
|
- malloc debugging features. These extended malloc debugging features are not
|
|
|
- available within uClibc. There are many good malloc debugging libraries
|
|
|
- available for Linux (dmalloc, electric fence, valgrind, etc) that work much
|
|
|
- better than the glibc extended malloc debugging. So our omitting this
|
|
|
- functionality from uClibc is not a great loss.
|
|
|
- </li><br>
|
|
|
- </ul></li>
|
|
|
- <li>uClibc does not provide a database library (libdb).
|
|
|
- </li><br>
|
|
|
- <li>uClibc does not support NSS (/lib/libnss_*), which allows glibc to easily
|
|
|
- support various methods of authentication and DNS resolution. uClibc only
|
|
|
- supports flat password files and shadow password files for storing
|
|
|
- authentication information. If you need something more complex than this,
|
|
|
- you can compile and install pam.
|
|
|
- </li><br>
|
|
|
- <li>uClibc's libresolv is only a stub. Some, but not all of the functionality
|
|
|
- provided by glibc's libresolv is provided internal to uClibc. Other functions
|
|
|
- are not at all implemented.
|
|
|
- </li><br>
|
|
|
- <li>libnsl provides support for Network Information Service (NIS) which was
|
|
|
- originally called "Yellow Pages" or "YP", which is an extension of RPC invented
|
|
|
- by Sun to share Unix password files over the network. I personally think NIS
|
|
|
- is an evil abomination and should not be used. These days, using ldap is much
|
|
|
- more effective mechanism for doing the same thing. uClibc provides a stub
|
|
|
- libnsl, but has no actual support for Network Information Service (NIS).
|
|
|
- We therefore, also do not provide any of the headers files provided by glibc
|
|
|
- under /usr/include/rpcsvc.
|
|
|
- </li><br>
|
|
|
- <li>uClibc's locale support is not 100% complete yet. We are working on it.
|
|
|
- </li><br>
|
|
|
- <li>uClibc's math library only supports long double as inlines, and even
|
|
|
- then the long double support is quite limited. Also, very few of the
|
|
|
- float math functions are implemented. Stick with double and you should
|
|
|
- be just fine.
|
|
|
- </li><br>
|
|
|
- <li>uClibc's libcrypt does not support the reentrant crypt_r, setkey_r and
|
|
|
- encrypt_r, since these are not required by SuSv3.
|
|
|
- </li><br>
|
|
|
- <li>uClibc directly uses kernel types to define most opaque data types.
|
|
|
- </li><br>
|
|
|
- <li>uClibc directly uses the linux kernel's arch specific 'stuct stat'.
|
|
|
- </li><br>
|
|
|
- <li>uClibc's librt library currently lacks all aio routines, all clock
|
|
|
- routines, and all shm routines (only the timer routines and the mq
|
|
|
- routines are implemented).
|
|
|
- </li><br>
|
|
|
-</ol>
|
|
|
-<hr>
|
|
|
-<h3>Manuel's Notes</h3>
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- Some general comments...<br>
|
|
|
- <p>
|
|
|
- The intended target for all my uClibc code is ANSI/ISO C99 and SUSv3
|
|
|
- compliance. While some glibc extensions are present, many will eventually
|
|
|
- be configurable. Also, even when present, the glibc-like extensions may
|
|
|
- differ slightly or be more restrictive than the native glibc counterparts.
|
|
|
- They are primarily meant to be porting _aides_ and not necessarily
|
|
|
- drop-in replacements.
|
|
|
- </p><br>
|
|
|
-Now for some details...<br><br>
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-<u>time functions</u><br>
|
|
|
-<ol>
|
|
|
-<li>Leap seconds are not supported.</li><br>
|
|
|
-<li>/etc/timezone and the whole zoneinfo directory tree are not supported.
|
|
|
- To set the timezone, set the TZ environment variable as specified in
|
|
|
- http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904975/basedefs/xbd_chap08.html
|
|
|
- or you may also create an /etc/TZ file of a single line, ending with a
|
|
|
- newline, containing the TZ setting. For example
|
|
|
- echo CST6CDT > /etc/TZ
|
|
|
-</li><br>
|
|
|
-<li>Currently, locale specific eras and alternate digits are not supported.
|
|
|
- They are on my TODO list.
|
|
|
-</li>
|
|
|
-</ol><br>
|
|
|
-<u>wide char support</u><br>
|
|
|
-<ol>
|
|
|
-<li>The only multibyte encoding currently supported is UTF-8. The various
|
|
|
- ISO-8859-* encodings are (optionally) supported. The internal
|
|
|
- representation of wchar's is assumed to be 31 bit unicode values in
|
|
|
- native endian representation. Also, the underlying char encoding is
|
|
|
- assumed to match ASCII in the range 0-0x7f.
|
|
|
-</li>
|
|
|
-<li>In the next iteration of locale support, I plan to add support for
|
|
|
- (at least some) other multibyte encodings.
|
|
|
-</li>
|
|
|
-</ol>
|
|
|
-<u>locale support</u><br>
|
|
|
-<ol>
|
|
|
-<li>The target for support is SUSv3 locale functionality. While nl_langinfo
|
|
|
- has been extended, similar to glibc, it only returns values for related
|
|
|
- locale entries.
|
|
|
-</li>
|
|
|
-<li>Currently, all SUSv3 libc locale functionality should be implemented
|
|
|
- except for wcsftime and collating item support in regex.
|
|
|
-</li>
|
|
|
-</ol>
|
|
|
-<u>stdio</u><br>
|
|
|
-<ol>
|
|
|
-<li>Conversion of large magnitude floating-point values by printf suffers a loss
|
|
|
- of precision due to the algorithm used.
|
|
|
-</li><br>
|
|
|
-<li>uClibc's printf is much stricter than glibcs, especially regarding positional
|
|
|
- args. The entire format string is parsed first and an error is returned if
|
|
|
- a problem is detected. In locales other than C, the format string is checked
|
|
|
- to be a valid multibyte sequence as well. Also, currently at most 10 positional
|
|
|
- args are allowed (although this is configurable).
|
|
|
-</li><br>
|
|
|
-<li>BUFSIZ is configurable, but no attempt is made at automatic tuning of internal
|
|
|
- buffer sizes for stdio streams. In fact, the stdio code in general sacrifices
|
|
|
- sophistication/performace for minimal size.
|
|
|
-</li><br>
|
|
|
-<li>uClibc allows glibc-like custom printf functions. However, while not
|
|
|
- currently checked, the specifier must be <= 0x7f.
|
|
|
-</li><br>
|
|
|
-<li>uClibc allows glibc-like custom streams. However, no in-buffer seeking is
|
|
|
- done.
|
|
|
-</li><br>
|
|
|
-<li>The functions fcloseall() and __fpending() can behave differently than their
|
|
|
- glibc counterparts.
|
|
|
-</li><br>
|
|
|
-<li>uClibc's setvbuf is more restrictive about when it can be called than glibc's
|
|
|
- is. The standards specify that setvbuf must occur before any other operations
|
|
|
- take place on the stream.
|
|
|
-</li><br>
|
|
|
-<li>Right now, %m is not handled properly by printf when the format uses positional
|
|
|
- args.
|
|
|
-</li><br>
|
|
|
-<li>The FILEs created by glibc's fmemopen(), open_memstream(), and fopencookie()
|
|
|
- are not capable of wide orientation. The corresponding uClibc routines do
|
|
|
- not have this limitation.
|
|
|
-</li><br>
|
|
|
-<li>For scanf, the C99 standard states "The fscanf function returns the value of
|
|
|
- the macro EOF if an input failure occurs before any conversion." But glibc's
|
|
|
- scanf does not respect conversions for which assignment was surpressed, even
|
|
|
- though the standard states that the value is converted but not stored.
|
|
|
-</li></ol><br>
|
|
|
-<hr><h3>Glibc bugs</h3><br>
|
|
|
-glibc bugs that Ulrich Drepper has refused to acknowledge or comment on
|
|
|
- ( <a href="http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-alpha/2003-09/">http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-alpha/2003-09/</a> )
|
|
|
-<br>
|
|
|
-<ol>
|
|
|
-<li>The C99 standard says that for printf, a %s conversion makes no special
|
|
|
- provisions for multibyte characters. SUSv3 is even more clear, stating
|
|
|
- that bytes are written and a specified precision is in bytes. Yet glibc
|
|
|
- treats the arg as a multibyte string when a precision is specified and
|
|
|
- not otherwise.
|
|
|
-</li><br>
|
|
|
-<li>Both C99 and C89 state that the %c conversion for scanf reads the exact
|
|
|
- number of bytes specified by the optional field width (or 1 if not specified).
|
|
|
- uClibc complies with the standard. There is an argument that perhaps the
|
|
|
- specified width should be treated as an upper bound, based on some historical
|
|
|
- use. However, such behavior should be mentioned in the Conformance document.
|
|
|
-</li><br>
|
|
|
-<li>glibc's scanf is broken regarding some numeric patterns. Some invalid
|
|
|
- strings are accepted as valid ("0x.p", "1e", digit grouped strings).
|
|
|
- In spite of my posting examples clearly illustrating the bugs, they remain
|
|
|
- unacknowledged by the glibc developers.
|
|
|
-</li><br>
|
|
|
-<li>glibc's scanf seems to require a 'p' exponent for hexadecimal float strings.
|
|
|
- According to the standard, this is optional.
|
|
|
-</li><br>
|
|
|
-<li>C99 requires that once an EOF is encountered, the stream should be treated
|
|
|
- as if at end-of-file even if more data becomes available. Further reading
|
|
|
- can be attempted by clearing the EOF flag though, via clearerr() or a file
|
|
|
- positioning function. For details concerning the original change, see
|
|
|
- Defect Report #141. glibc is currently non-compliant, and the developers
|
|
|
- did not comment when I asked for their official position on this issue.
|
|
|
-</li><br>
|
|
|
-<li>glibc's collation routines and/or localedef are broken regarding implicit
|
|
|
- and explicit UNDEFINED rules.
|
|
|
-</li><br></ol>
|
|
|
-More to follow as I think of it...
|
|
|
-<br><br><hr>
|
|
|
-<h3>Profiling:</h3>
|
|
|
-<p>
|
|
|
-uClibc no longer supports 'gcc -fprofile-arcs -pg' style profiling, which
|
|
|
-causes your application to generate a 'gmon.out' file that can then be analyzed
|
|
|
-by 'gprof'. Not only does this require explicit extra support in uClibc, it
|
|
|
-requires that you rebuild everything with profiling support. There is both a
|
|
|
-size and performance penalty to profiling your applications this way, as well
|
|
|
-as Heisenberg effects, where the act of measuring changes what is measured.
|
|
|
-</p>
|
|
|
-<p>
|
|
|
-There exist a number of less invasive alternatives that do not require you to
|
|
|
-specially instrument your application, and recompile and relink everything.
|
|
|
-</p><p>
|
|
|
-The OProfile system-wide profiler is an excellent alternative:
|
|
|
- <a href="http://oprofile.sourceforge.net/">http://oprofile.sourceforge.net/</a>
|
|
|
-</p><p>
|
|
|
-Many people have had good results using the combination of Valgrind
|
|
|
-to generate profiling information and KCachegrind for analysis:
|
|
|
- <a href="http://developer.kde.org/~sewardj/">http://developer.kde.org/~sewardj/</a>
|
|
|
- <a href="http://kcachegrind.sourceforge.net/">http://kcachegrind.sourceforge.net/</a>
|
|
|
-</p><p>
|
|
|
-Prospect is another alternative based on OProfile:
|
|
|
- <a href="http://prospect.sourceforge.net/">http://prospect.sourceforge.net/</a>
|
|
|
-</p><p>
|
|
|
-And the Linux Trace Toolkit (LTT) is also a fine tool:
|
|
|
- <a href="http://www.opersys.com/LTT/">http://www.opersys.com/LTT/</a>
|
|
|
-</p><p>
|
|
|
-FunctionCheck:
|
|
|
- <a href="http://www710.univ-lyon1.fr/~yperret/fnccheck/">http://www710.univ-lyon1.fr/~yperret/fnccheck/</a>
|
|
|
-</p>
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-<!--#include file="footer.html" -->
|